Water Quality, Brawn, and Education: The Rural Drinking Water Program in China

This paper examines the long-term educational benefits to rural youth in China of a major drinking water treatment program started in the 1980s. This health program improved the individuals' education substantially, increasing the grades of education completed by 1.08 years

Design a DRAM backend for the impulse memory system

technical reportThe Impulse Adaptable Memory System is a new memory system that exposes DRAM access patterns not seen in conventional memory systems. Impulse can generate huge number of small DRAM accesses, which will not be handled effectively by a conventional cache-line-size-access-oriented DRAM backend. In this paper, we describe and evaluate an Impulse DRAM backend design that exploits the potential parallelism of the DRAM accesses in an Impulse system and reduces the average DRAM access latency using the latest DRAM technologies such as hot row. We also study the effects of several important factors in the DRAM backend: interleaving of DRAM banks, dynamic reordering of DRAM accesses, hot row policy, and DRAM organization. The experimental results of five representative benchmarks running on the execution-driven simulator Paint [11] show that different DRAM backend configurations can yield huge impacts, saving up to 98% on average DRAM access latency, 90% on memory cycles, and 80% on execution time